An Event Based Digital Forensic Scheme for Vehicular Networks

The software in today's cars has become increasingly important in recent years. The development of high-tech driver assistance devices has helped fuel this movement. This tendency is anticipated to accelerate with the advent of completely autonomous vehicles. As more modern vehicles incorporate software and security-based solutions, "Event-Based digital forensics," the analysis of digital evidence of accidents and warranty claims, has become increasingly significant. The objective of this study is to ascertain, in a realistic setting, whether or not digital forensics can be successfully applied to a state-of-the-art automobile. We did this by dissecting the procedure of automotive forensics, which is used on in-car systems to track the mysterious activity by means of digital evidence. We did this by applying established methods of digital forensics to a state-of-the-art car.Our research employs specialized cameras installed in the study areas and a log of system activity that may be utilized as future digital proof to examine the effectiveness of security checkpoints and other similar technologies. The goal is to keep an eye on the vehicles entering the checkpoint, look into them if there is any reason to suspect anything, and then take the appropriate measures. The problem with analyzing this data is that it is becoming increasingly complex and time-consuming as the amount of data that has been collected keeps growing. In this paper, we outline a high-level methodology for automotive forensics to fill in the blanks, and we put it through its paces on a network simulator in a state-of-the-art vehicle to simulate a scenario in which devices are tampered with while the car is in motion. Here, we test how well the strategy functions. Diagnostics over IP (Diagnostics over IP), on-board diagnostics interface, and unified diagnostic services are all used during implementation. To work, our solution requires vehicles to be able to exchange diagnostic information wirelessly.These results show that it is possible to undertake automotive forensic analysis on state-of-the-art vehicles without using intrusion detection systems or event data recorders, and they lead the way towards a more fruitful future for automotive forensics. The results also show that modern autos are amenable to forensic automotive analysis

Does extended lymph node dissection affect the lymph node density and survival after radical cystectomy?

Background : Diagnostic and therapeutic importance of pelvic lymph node (LN) dissection (PLND) in radical cystectomy (RC) has gained recent attention. A method of pathological analysis of LN affects total number of LN removed, number of LN involved, and LN density. Objective : To compare extended lymphadenectomy to standard lymphadenectomy in terms of LN yield, density, and effect on survival. Materials and Methods : From Jan 2004 - July 2009, 78 patients underwent RC whose complete histopathological report was available for analysis. All were transitional cell carcinoma. From July 2007 onward extended LN dissection was started and LNs were sent in six packets. Twenty-eight patients of standard PLND kept in group I. Group II had 23 patients of standard PLND (LN sent in four packets), and group III had 23 patients of extended PLND (LN sent in six packets). SPSS 15 software used for statistical calculation. Results : Distribution of T-stage among three groups is not statistically significant. Median number of LN harvested were 5 (range, 1-25) in group I, 9 (range, 3-28) in group II, and 16 (range, 1-25) in group III. Although this is significant, we did not find significant difference in number of positive LN harvested. We did not find any patient with skip metastasis to common iliac LN in group 3. Conclusions : Separate package LN evaluation significantly increased the total number of LN harvested without increasing the number of positive LN and survival

Does extended lymph node dissection affect the lymph node density and survival after radical cystectomy?

Background : Diagnostic and therapeutic importance of pelvic lymph node (LN) dissection (PLND) in radical cystectomy (RC) has gained recent attention. A method of pathological analysis of LN affects total number of LN removed, number of LN involved, and LN density. Objective : To compare extended lymphadenectomy to standard lymphadenectomy in terms of LN yield, density, and effect on survival. Materials and Methods : From Jan 2004 - July 2009, 78 patients underwent RC whose complete histopathological report was available for analysis. All were transitional cell carcinoma. From July 2007 onward extended LN dissection was started and LNs were sent in six packets. Twenty-eight patients of standard PLND kept in group I. Group II had 23 patients of standard PLND (LN sent in four packets), and group III had 23 patients of extended PLND (LN sent in six packets). SPSS 15 software used for statistical calculation. Results : Distribution of T-stage among three groups is not statistically significant. Median number of LN harvested were 5 (range, 1-25) in group I, 9 (range, 3-28) in group II, and 16 (range, 1-25) in group III. Although this is significant, we did not find significant difference in number of positive LN harvested. We did not find any patient with skip metastasis to common iliac LN in group 3. Conclusions : Separate package LN evaluation significantly increased the total number of LN harvested without increasing the number of positive LN and survival